Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), also called radiofrequency neurotomy or facet denervation, uses heat generated by radio waves to create a precise lesion on the medial branch nerves that transmit pain signals from arthritic facet joints. By disrupting these pain-carrying nerves, RFA provides long-lasting pain relief — typically 6-18 months.
This treatment is for confirmed facet joint pain after positive diagnostic medial branch blocks. It is effective for facet arthropathy, spondylosis, and facet-mediated headaches in the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine.
The procedure takes 30-60 minutes under fluoroscopic guidance. Success rates exceed 70-80% in properly selected patients. The treated nerves eventually regenerate, at which point the procedure can be repeated.
A radiofrequency probe is advanced to the target medial branch nerve under fluoroscopic guidance. Once optimal position is confirmed, the probe tip is heated to 80-85°C for 60-90 seconds, creating a precisely controlled thermal lesion that denatures the nerve tissue and disrupts pain signal transmission.
The nerve axon degenerates distal to the lesion, preventing pain signals from reaching the central nervous system. The nerve sheath (endoneurium) remains intact, allowing the nerve to regenerate over time. This process typically takes 6-18 months, after which the procedure can be repeated if needed.
Patients are positioned prone on the procedure table. After sterile preparation and local anesthesia, the physician places the radiofrequency cannula at each target nerve level. Sensory and motor stimulation is performed to confirm proper positioning and ensure the probe is not too close to a spinal nerve root.
Patients may feel a warm sensation during the ablation but should not experience sharp pain. The procedure typically takes 30-60 minutes depending on the number of levels treated.
Patients may experience some soreness at the treatment site for 2-4 days following the procedure. The full analgesic effect develops gradually over 2-3 weeks as the inflammation from the thermal lesion subsides and the nerve degeneration is completed.
Activity restrictions are minimal. Most patients can return to work and normal activities within 1-2 days. Many patients experience progressively longer relief with subsequent treatments.
Radiofrequency ablation is indicated only for patients who have had positive diagnostic medial branch blocks. The procedure is contraindicated in patients with active infection, coagulopathy, or prior allergic reactions to any component of the procedure.
Reducing Pain. Improving Function. Enhancing Quality of Life.
We specialize in advanced pain management solutions, offering minimally invasive treatments to help patients live pain-free and improve their quality of life.